SCIENTIFIC RESEARCH INSTITUTE OF HYDROMETEOROLOGY

The history of the development of research and production activities in the field of hydrometeorology in Uzbekistan begins in the 70s of the 19th century. We will briefly touch on the main steps. These stages are covered in detail in the monograph “Essays on the Development of Central Asian Hydrometeorology” (1993).

In 1867, the first regular meteorological observations began in Tashkent. This period includes studying the nature of the Turkestan region. Since 1873, the Tashkent Astronomical Observatory (TAO) has been operating. The “Tashkent” meteorological station-observatory, established in 1876, continues its activity even now. In 1878, the “Temporary Regulation” of the Tashkent Astronomical and Physical Observatory (TAiFO) was approved, and soon it became the leading center of the meteorological service of the Turkestan region.

In 1910, in order to study and record the water resources of Turkestan, a hydrometric department was established under the Department of Agriculture and State Property of Turkestan, which was responsible for systematic continuous observation and research.

In 1921, TAiFO was divided into the Tashkent Astronomical Observatory (TAO) and the Tashkent Magnetic Meteorological Observatory (TMMO) and was included in the Turkestan Meteorological Institute.

May 7, 1921, the official birthday of the Hydrometeorological Service of Uzbekistan – the physical part of the observatory (magnetic and meteorological departments) and the meteorological department of the hydrometric structure of the Turkestan region were established on the basis of the Turkestan Meteorological Institute (Turkmet).

In 1925 (in connection with the national demarcation of the Central Asian territory), the Central Asian Meteorological Institute (Sredazmet) under the Turkmet Sredazmet was renamed the Tashkent Magnetic Observatory (TGO). In 1955, it was transformed into the Tashkent scientific-geophysical observatory (TNIGO).

On January 1, 1958, the activity of the Central Asian Hydrometeorological Research Institute (SAHRI) began.

The Central Asian Scientific Research Institute of Hydrometeorology was established on November 10, 1957 on the basis of the Tashkent Scientific Geophysical Observatory (TSGO) by order of the GUGMS under the USSR Council of Ministers.

Central Asian Research Institute of Hydrometeorology (SAHRI) to develop theoretical and experimental studies of meteorological, hydrological, glaciological and agrometeorological processes in order to develop methods of weather forecasts, river regimes, agrometeorological calculations and forecasts, to develop methods of hydrometeorological engineering, and had to make climate calculations. The subject and problem of the research carried out at the institute were determined by the requirements of the operational units of the hydrometeorological service of the Central Asian republics, which provide hydrometeorological data to various sectors of the Central Asian economy. By 1967, SAHRI became a major research and scientific methodological center in the field of hydrometeorology in Central Asia. If the employees of the institute, which was founded in 1958, consisted of only 85 people, in 1967 the institute already had 259 employees, including 23 candidates of science.

In this way, the number of employees of the institute began to grow significantly: by 1970, it almost doubled to 519 employees, including 29 candidates of science and one doctor of science – Victor Lvovich Schultz.

On October 1, 1970, SAHRI was dissolved, and on its basis, the Central Asian Department of the USSR Hydrometeorological Center was established, the operational group of digital methods of weather forecasting and information was transferred from the UZSSR UGMS to the branch of the USSR Hydromettsentr headed by Victor Ivanvich Martemyanov.

In connection with the reorganization of regional centers under the VSP program, the decision of the State Committee for Science and Technology under the Council of Ministers of the USSR on the establishment of the Central Asian Regional Research Institute of Hydrometeorology in Tashkent from January 1, 1971 (June 29, 1970) and the order of GUGMS (25 December) 1970) was adopted. SARNIGMI was established on the basis of the Central Asian Department of the Hydrometeorological Center of the USSR, the Hydrometeorological Observatory and the Tashkent Weather Bureau of the USSR UGMS.

SAHRI was entrusted with the task of not only conducting scientific research, but also providing the national economy of the republic with operational hydrometeorological data, as well as the leading glaciological institute in the Soviet Union. At the same time, the institute, together with the Central Asia Center, performs the tasks of the hydrometeorological center of the Tashkent region in the complex automation system of the USSR, as well as in the VSP system.

On July 28, 1975, in agreement with the Council of Ministers of the Uzbek SSR, by the order of the GUGMS of the USSR, the SAHRI was named after the distinguished scientist, academician of the Academy of Sciences of the Uzbek SSR, Viktor Antonovich Bugaev, who made a great contribution to the organization and development of the science of hydrometeorology.

By the order of the State Hydrometeorological Committee of the USSR dated April 1, 1980, the Central Asian Regional Scientific Research Institute of Hydrometeorology named after V.A. Bugaev (SAHRI) was renamed the Central Asian Regional Scientific Research Institute named after V. A. Bugaev (CARSRI Goskomgidromet).

In 1983, when the structure of the Republican Departments of Hydrometeorology and Environmental Control (UGKS) was reorganized, hydrometeorological centers were established in them, and operational prognostic and regime departments were transferred to the Hydrometeorological Center of the National Hydrometeorological and Environmental Control Department. As a result, the institute was left with scientific research and scientific-methodical work.

In February 1988, the Central Asian Regional Scientific Research Institute named after V.A. Bugaev (O’OITI of the State Committee) was restored – the Central Asian Regional Scientific Research Institute of Hydrometeorology (OIGMITI) named after V. A. Bugaev under the State Hydrometeorological Committee of the USSR.

In April 1992, in order to implement the decision of the Cabinet of Ministers under the President of the Republic of Uzbekistan No. 110 of March 9, 1992 “On the Hydrometeorological Service of the Republic of Uzbekistan”, V.A. Bugaev USSR State Hydrometeorological Committee was transferred to the Main Directorate of Hydrometeorology under the Cabinet of Ministers of the Republic of Uzbekistan (Order No. 6-OP of April 1, 1992).

From May 5, 2004, according to the decision of the Cabinet of Ministers of the Republic of Uzbekistan No. 183 dated April 14, 2004, the Central Asian Research Institute of Hydrometeorology (OGMITI) is subordinated to the Hydrometeorological Service Center under the Cabinet of Ministers of the Republic of Uzbekistan.

GMITI Uzgidromet conducts scientific research on a wide range of tasks in the hydrometeorological and ecological fields: regional climate and ozone studies, assessment of water, climate, agroclimatic resources, their changes under the influence of natural and anthropogenic factors, creation of a pollution monitoring system, glaciological research, cloud physics research and to actively influence them.

The high scientific potential of the institute made it possible to achieve a number of unique, world-class achievements and widely known results in the field of hydrometeorology and ecology. Among them are synoptic-statistical and hydrodynamic methods of weather forecasting, including hazardous phenomena, mathematical modeling of hydrological and glaciological processes, theoretical and experimental studies on the increase of precipitation in mountainous and sub-mountainous regions, studies of glaciers, avalanches, snow cover, mountains, cotton , rice, wheat agrometeorology, ecology, pollution and environmental protection research.

One of the main areas of research is to determine the anthropogenic climate warming caused by the increase in the concentration of greenhouse gases in the atmosphere, including the changes that have occurred in the regional climate system, and to assess the impact of changes on natural resources and socio-economic networks in the future.

Most of the operational activities of Uzgidromet related to providing services to consumers are based on the results of GMITI developments covered in scientific articles, monographs and reference collections.

The main tasks of GMITI:

Study of laws of the atmosphere, ionosphere, hydrosphere, hydrometeorological regime and agrometeorological conditions on a global scale in the Republic of Uzbekistan and Central Asia.

Preparation and publication of scientific reference manuals, normative documents, scientific works on the hydrometeorological and agrometeorological regime and the state of pollution of the natural environment, necessary for various sectors of the national economy.

• Hydrological studies, assessment of changes in water resources to study long-term climate change.

• Development and implementation of methods of active influence on hydrometeorological events and processes.

• Organization of seasonal reference, database and information systems on hydrometeorology and glaciology;

• Study and evaluation of the level of atmospheric air, surface water and soil pollution in Central Asia;

• Development of forecasts of changes in pollution of the natural environment and analysis of the impact of various natural and anthropogenic factors on the state of the natural environment;

• scientific and methodical guidance of studies of hydrometeorological, agrometeorological and glaciological processes;

• Climate research, development of new approaches to the study of climate and its changes;

• Drought and desertification monitoring;

• Development, improvement and implementation of methods of hydrometeorological and agrometeorological calculations and forecasting, forecasting of dangerous hydrometeorological events.